# Your First Steps in Git: Essential Commands

## What is GIT?

Git is a tool that helps you manage changes to your code over time. It notes every changes or updates you make. It also has the liability to undo mistakes or look back to previous version if needed. So in simple term, ‘Git can be referred to as a camera that takes snapshot of your work. Everything you do like edit, updates or tiny changes is captured and stored safely inside hidden .git folder’.

## What is the purpose of using Git?

Generally git is used for its powerful, flexible and user friendly features, allows for team collaboration, manages changes to your code in a safe and easy way. Not only this but also features like code merge, detect conflict, parallel programming and many more.

## Some Basics and Core Terminologies

### Repository(Repo)

A storage space which contain all project files and their revision history. Here the storage space can be local or remote according to requirement.

To initialize a git repo:

```plaintext
git init
```

### Working Directory

Local folder where you can update or edit files.  
When you are working on your project folder like modifying, you are working in the working directory.

```plaintext
git init
git revert
```

### Staging Area

It is a temporary place where the changes are stored before committing to the .git folder

```plaintext
git add .               //Add the main file and correspondence/sub files within it
git add filename.txt    //add only the named file
```

### Commit

It captures the changes that have been staged at that moment, which is generally referred as snapshot of the staged content and has a hash id for each commit.

```plaintext
git commit -m "referrence for what action been performed"
git commit -am "ref."    //here is perform the action for git add and git commit altogether.
```

### Branch

This helps in managing the workflow by allowing parallel workflow, where the main branch holds the main-project whereas the sub branches carryout the experimental features, bug, etc.

```plaintext
git branch <branch-name>   //to create a new branch
git chechout -b <branch-name>  //to switch to particular branch
```

### Merge

Generally combine changes from one branch to another.

```plaintext
git merge <branch-name>  //merge the content from the sub branch to the main branch 
```

### Push

Uploading of the content of the .git folder which is local to online server(remote).

```plaintext
git push <remote> <branch> 
```

### Pull

To fetch and merge remote changes to the local system.

```plaintext
git pull <remote> <branch>
```

### Remote

It is a reference to the repository which is remotely present / online.

## Common Git Commands

git add -move to staging area  
git commit -save changes(move the snapshot to .git folder)  
git log -view commit history  
git status - provides a real-time summary of your git repo.  
git branch -display and manage branch